File name: polar-vortex-winds-graph-20240502.png
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Observed and forecasted (NOAA GEFSv12) wind speed at the 10-hPa pressure level and the 60-degrees North latitude circle. The final stratospheric warming occurred on April 28 (where thick magenta line falls below 0 m/s), 16 days later than normal (where the thin purple line falls below 0 m/s and stays there through summer). NOAA Climate.gov image, adapted from original by Laura Ciasto.